Metamath Proof Explorer


Theorem upgr0eop

Description: The empty graph, with vertices but no edges, is a pseudograph. The empty graph is actually a simple graph, see usgr0eop , and therefore also a multigraph ( G e. UMGraph ). (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 12-Mar-2015) (Revised by AV, 11-Oct-2020)

Ref Expression
Assertion upgr0eop V W V UPGraph

Proof

Step Hyp Ref Expression
1 opex V V
2 1 a1i V W V V
3 0ex V
4 opiedgfv V W V iEdg V =
5 3 4 mpan2 V W iEdg V =
6 2 5 upgr0e V W V UPGraph