Metamath Proof Explorer


Theorem taylfval

Description: Define the Taylor polynomial of a function. The constant Tayl is a function of five arguments: S is the base set with respect to evaluate the derivatives (generally RR or CC ), F is the function we are approximating, at point B , to order N . The result is a polynomial function of x .

This "extended" version of taylpfval additionally handles the case N = +oo , in which case this is not a polynomial but an infinite series, the Taylor series of the function. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 30-Dec-2016)

Ref Expression
Hypotheses taylfval.s ⊢ φ → S ∈ ℝ ℂ
taylfval.f ⊢ φ → F : A ⟶ ℂ
taylfval.a ⊢ φ → A ⊆ S
taylfval.n ⊢ φ → N ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ N = +∞
taylfval.b ⊢ φ ∧ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ → B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
taylfval.t ⊢ T = N S Tayl F B
Assertion taylfval ⊢ φ → T = ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k

Proof

Step Hyp Ref Expression
1 taylfval.s ⊢ φ → S ∈ ℝ ℂ
2 taylfval.f ⊢ φ → F : A ⟶ ℂ
3 taylfval.a ⊢ φ → A ⊆ S
4 taylfval.n ⊢ φ → N ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ N = +∞
5 taylfval.b ⊢ φ ∧ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ → B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
6 taylfval.t ⊢ T = N S Tayl F B
7 df-tayl ⊢ Tayl = s ∈ ℝ ℂ , f ∈ ℂ ↑ 𝑝𝑚 s ⟼ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ s D n f ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
8 7 a1i ⊢ φ → Tayl = s ∈ ℝ ℂ , f ∈ ℂ ↑ 𝑝𝑚 s ⟼ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ s D n f ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
9 eqidd ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F → ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ = ℕ 0 ∪ +∞
10 oveq12 ⊢ s = S ∧ f = F → s D n f = S D n F
11 10 ad2antlr ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F ∧ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ → s D n f = S D n F
12 11 fveq1d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F ∧ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ → s D n f ⁡ k = S D n F ⁡ k
13 12 dmeqd ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F ∧ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ → dom ⁡ s D n f ⁡ k = dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
14 13 iineq2dv ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F → ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ s D n f ⁡ k = ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
15 12 fveq1d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F ∧ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ → s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a = S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a
16 15 oveq1d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F ∧ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ → s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! = S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k !
17 16 oveq1d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F ∧ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ → s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
18 17 mpteq2dva ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F → k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
19 18 oveq2d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F → ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
20 19 xpeq2d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F → x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
21 20 iuneq2d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F → ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
22 9 14 21 mpoeq123dv ⊢ φ ∧ s = S ∧ f = F → n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ s D n f ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ s D n f ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
23 simpr ⊢ φ ∧ s = S → s = S
24 23 oveq2d ⊢ φ ∧ s = S → ℂ ↑ 𝑝𝑚 s = ℂ ↑ 𝑝𝑚 S
25 cnex ⊢ ℂ ∈ V
26 25 a1i ⊢ φ → ℂ ∈ V
27 elpm2r ⊢ ℂ ∈ V ∧ S ∈ ℝ ℂ ∧ F : A ⟶ ℂ ∧ A ⊆ S → F ∈ ℂ ↑ 𝑝𝑚 S
28 26 1 2 3 27 syl22anc ⊢ φ → F ∈ ℂ ↑ 𝑝𝑚 S
29 nn0ex ⊢ ℕ 0 ∈ V
30 snex ⊢ +∞ ∈ V
31 29 30 unex ⊢ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ ∈ V
32 0xr ⊢ 0 ∈ ℝ *
33 nn0ssre ⊢ ℕ 0 ⊆ ℝ
34 ressxr ⊢ ℝ ⊆ ℝ *
35 33 34 sstri ⊢ ℕ 0 ⊆ ℝ *
36 pnfxr ⊢ +∞ ∈ ℝ *
37 snssi ⊢ +∞ ∈ ℝ * → +∞ ⊆ ℝ *
38 36 37 ax-mp ⊢ +∞ ⊆ ℝ *
39 35 38 unssi ⊢ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ ⊆ ℝ *
40 39 sseli ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ → n ∈ ℝ *
41 elun ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ ↔ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ n ∈ +∞
42 nn0ge0 ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 → 0 ≤ n
43 0lepnf ⊢ 0 ≤ +∞
44 elsni ⊢ n ∈ +∞ → n = +∞
45 43 44 breqtrrid ⊢ n ∈ +∞ → 0 ≤ n
46 42 45 jaoi ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ n ∈ +∞ → 0 ≤ n
47 41 46 sylbi ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ → 0 ≤ n
48 lbicc2 ⊢ 0 ∈ ℝ * ∧ n ∈ ℝ * ∧ 0 ≤ n → 0 ∈ 0 n
49 32 40 47 48 mp3an2i ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ → 0 ∈ 0 n
50 0z ⊢ 0 ∈ ℤ
51 inelcm ⊢ 0 ∈ 0 n ∧ 0 ∈ ℤ → 0 n ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅
52 49 50 51 sylancl ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ → 0 n ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅
53 fvex ⊢ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V
54 53 dmex ⊢ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V
55 54 rgenw ⊢ ∀ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V
56 iinexg ⊢ 0 n ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V → ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V
57 52 55 56 sylancl ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ → ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V
58 57 rgen ⊢ ∀ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V
59 eqid ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
60 59 mpoexxg ⊢ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ ∈ V ∧ ∀ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ∈ V → n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k ∈ V
61 31 58 60 mp2an ⊢ n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k ∈ V
62 61 a1i ⊢ φ → n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k ∈ V
63 8 22 24 1 28 62 ovmpodx ⊢ φ → S Tayl F = n ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ , a ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ⟼ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k
64 simprl ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → n = N
65 64 oveq2d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → 0 n = 0 N
66 65 ineq1d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → 0 n ∩ ℤ = 0 N ∩ ℤ
67 simprr ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → a = B
68 67 fveq2d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a = S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B
69 68 oveq1d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! = S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k !
70 67 oveq2d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → x − a = x − B
71 70 oveq1d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → x − a k = x − B k
72 69 71 oveq12d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k
73 66 72 mpteq12dv ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k
74 73 oveq2d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k
75 74 xpeq2d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k
76 75 iuneq2d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N ∧ a = B → ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ a k ! ⁢ x − a k = ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k
77 simpr ⊢ φ ∧ n = N → n = N
78 77 oveq2d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N → 0 n = 0 N
79 78 ineq1d ⊢ φ ∧ n = N → 0 n ∩ ℤ = 0 N ∩ ℤ
80 iineq1 ⊢ 0 n ∩ ℤ = 0 N ∩ ℤ → ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k = ⋂ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
81 79 80 syl ⊢ φ ∧ n = N → ⋂ k ∈ 0 n ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k = ⋂ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
82 pnfex ⊢ +∞ ∈ V
83 82 elsn2 ⊢ N ∈ +∞ ↔ N = +∞
84 83 orbi2i ⊢ N ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ N ∈ +∞ ↔ N ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ N = +∞
85 4 84 sylibr ⊢ φ → N ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ N ∈ +∞
86 elun ⊢ N ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ ↔ N ∈ ℕ 0 ∨ N ∈ +∞
87 85 86 sylibr ⊢ φ → N ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞
88 5 ralrimiva ⊢ φ → ∀ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
89 oveq2 ⊢ n = N → 0 n = 0 N
90 89 ineq1d ⊢ n = N → 0 n ∩ ℤ = 0 N ∩ ℤ
91 90 neeq1d ⊢ n = N → 0 n ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅ ↔ 0 N ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅
92 91 52 vtoclga ⊢ N ∈ ℕ 0 ∪ +∞ → 0 N ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅
93 87 92 syl ⊢ φ → 0 N ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅
94 r19.2z ⊢ 0 N ∩ ℤ ≠ ∅ ∧ ∀ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k → ∃ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
95 93 88 94 syl2anc ⊢ φ → ∃ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
96 elex ⊢ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k → B ∈ V
97 96 rexlimivw ⊢ ∃ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k → B ∈ V
98 eliin ⊢ B ∈ V → B ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ↔ ∀ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
99 95 97 98 3syl ⊢ φ → B ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k ↔ ∀ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ B ∈ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
100 88 99 mpbird ⊢ φ → B ∈ ⋂ k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ dom ⁡ S D n F ⁡ k
101 snssi ⊢ x ∈ ℂ → x ⊆ ℂ
102 1 2 3 4 5 taylfvallem ⊢ φ ∧ x ∈ ℂ → ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ
103 xpss12 ⊢ x ⊆ ℂ ∧ ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ → x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ × ℂ
104 101 102 103 syl2an2 ⊢ φ ∧ x ∈ ℂ → x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ × ℂ
105 104 ralrimiva ⊢ φ → ∀ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ × ℂ
106 iunss ⊢ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ × ℂ ↔ ∀ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ × ℂ
107 105 106 sylibr ⊢ φ → ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ × ℂ
108 25 25 xpex ⊢ ℂ × ℂ ∈ V
109 108 ssex ⊢ ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ⊆ ℂ × ℂ → ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ∈ V
110 107 109 syl ⊢ φ → ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k ∈ V
111 63 76 81 87 100 110 ovmpodx ⊢ φ → N S Tayl F B = ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k
112 6 111 eqtrid ⊢ φ → T = ⋃ x ∈ ℂ x × ℂ fld tsums k ∈ 0 N ∩ ℤ ⟼ S D n F ⁡ k ⁡ B k ! ⁢ x − B k