Metamath Proof Explorer


Theorem txconn

Description: The topological product of two connected spaces is connected. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 29-Mar-2015)

Ref Expression
Assertion txconn ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn → R × t S ∈ Conn

Proof

Step Hyp Ref Expression
1 conntop ⊢ R ∈ Conn → R ∈ Top
2 conntop ⊢ S ∈ Conn → S ∈ Top
3 txtop ⊢ R ∈ Top ∧ S ∈ Top → R × t S ∈ Top
4 1 2 3 syl2an ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn → R × t S ∈ Top
5 neq0 ⊢ ¬ x = ∅ ↔ ∃ z z ∈ x
6 simplr ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x → x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S
7 6 elin1d ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x → x ∈ R × t S
8 elssuni ⊢ x ∈ R × t S → x ⊆ ⋃ R × t S
9 7 8 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x → x ⊆ ⋃ R × t S
10 simprr ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → w ∈ ⋃ R × t S
11 simplll ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → R ∈ Conn
12 11 1 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → R ∈ Top
13 simpllr ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → S ∈ Conn
14 13 2 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → S ∈ Top
15 eqid ⊢ ⋃ R = ⋃ R
16 eqid ⊢ ⋃ S = ⋃ S
17 15 16 txuni ⊢ R ∈ Top ∧ S ∈ Top → ⋃ R × ⋃ S = ⋃ R × t S
18 12 14 17 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → ⋃ R × ⋃ S = ⋃ R × t S
19 10 18 eleqtrrd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → w ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S
20 1st2nd2 ⊢ w ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S → w = 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ w
21 19 20 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → w = 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ w
22 xp2nd ⊢ w ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S → 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ ⋃ S
23 19 22 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ ⋃ S
24 eqid ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a = a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a
25 24 mptpreima ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a -1 x = a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x
26 toptopon2 ⊢ S ∈ Top ↔ S ∈ TopOn ⁡ ⋃ S
27 14 26 sylib ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → S ∈ TopOn ⁡ ⋃ S
28 toptopon2 ⊢ R ∈ Top ↔ R ∈ TopOn ⁡ ⋃ R
29 12 28 sylib ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → R ∈ TopOn ⁡ ⋃ R
30 xp1st ⊢ w ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S → 1 st ⁡ w ∈ ⋃ R
31 19 30 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 1 st ⁡ w ∈ ⋃ R
32 27 29 31 cnmptc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w ∈ S Cn R
33 27 cnmptid ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ a ∈ S Cn S
34 27 32 33 cnmpt1t ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ S Cn R × t S
35 simplr ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S
36 35 elin1d ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → x ∈ R × t S
37 cnima ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ S Cn R × t S ∧ x ∈ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a -1 x ∈ S
38 34 36 37 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a -1 x ∈ S
39 25 38 eqeltrrid ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x ∈ S
40 simprl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → z ∈ x
41 elunii ⊢ z ∈ x ∧ x ∈ R × t S → z ∈ ⋃ R × t S
42 40 36 41 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → z ∈ ⋃ R × t S
43 42 18 eleqtrrd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → z ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S
44 xp2nd ⊢ z ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S → 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ ⋃ S
45 43 44 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ ⋃ S
46 eqid ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z = a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z
47 46 mptpreima ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z -1 x = a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
48 29 cnmptid ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a ∈ R Cn R
49 29 27 45 cnmptc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ R Cn S
50 29 48 49 cnmpt1t ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ R Cn R × t S
51 cnima ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ R Cn R × t S ∧ x ∈ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z -1 x ∈ R
52 50 36 51 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z -1 x ∈ R
53 47 52 eqeltrrid ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x ∈ R
54 xp1st ⊢ z ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S → 1 st ⁡ z ∈ ⋃ R
55 43 54 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 1 st ⁡ z ∈ ⋃ R
56 1st2nd2 ⊢ z ∈ ⋃ R × ⋃ S → z = 1 st ⁡ z 2 nd ⁡ z
57 43 56 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → z = 1 st ⁡ z 2 nd ⁡ z
58 57 40 eqeltrrd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 1 st ⁡ z 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
59 opeq1 ⊢ a = 1 st ⁡ z → a 2 nd ⁡ z = 1 st ⁡ z 2 nd ⁡ z
60 59 eleq1d ⊢ a = 1 st ⁡ z → a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x ↔ 1 st ⁡ z 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
61 60 rspcev ⊢ 1 st ⁡ z ∈ ⋃ R ∧ 1 st ⁡ z 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x → ∃ a ∈ ⋃ R a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
62 55 58 61 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → ∃ a ∈ ⋃ R a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
63 rabn0 ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x ≠ ∅ ↔ ∃ a ∈ ⋃ R a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
64 62 63 sylibr ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x ≠ ∅
65 35 elin2d ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → x ∈ Clsd ⁡ R × t S
66 cnclima ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ R Cn R × t S ∧ x ∈ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z -1 x ∈ Clsd ⁡ R
67 50 65 66 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R ⟼ a 2 nd ⁡ z -1 x ∈ Clsd ⁡ R
68 47 67 eqeltrrid ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x ∈ Clsd ⁡ R
69 15 11 53 64 68 connclo ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x = ⋃ R
70 31 69 eleqtrrd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 1 st ⁡ w ∈ a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
71 opeq1 ⊢ a = 1 st ⁡ w → a 2 nd ⁡ z = 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z
72 71 eleq1d ⊢ a = 1 st ⁡ w → a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x ↔ 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
73 72 elrab ⊢ 1 st ⁡ w ∈ a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x ↔ 1 st ⁡ w ∈ ⋃ R ∧ 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
74 73 simprbi ⊢ 1 st ⁡ w ∈ a ∈ ⋃ R | a 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x → 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
75 70 74 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
76 opeq2 ⊢ a = 2 nd ⁡ z → 1 st ⁡ w a = 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z
77 76 eleq1d ⊢ a = 2 nd ⁡ z → 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x ↔ 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x
78 77 rspcev ⊢ 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ ⋃ S ∧ 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ z ∈ x → ∃ a ∈ ⋃ S 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x
79 45 75 78 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → ∃ a ∈ ⋃ S 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x
80 rabn0 ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x ≠ ∅ ↔ ∃ a ∈ ⋃ S 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x
81 79 80 sylibr ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x ≠ ∅
82 cnclima ⊢ a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ S Cn R × t S ∧ x ∈ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a -1 x ∈ Clsd ⁡ S
83 34 65 82 syl2anc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S ⟼ 1 st ⁡ w a -1 x ∈ Clsd ⁡ S
84 25 83 eqeltrrid ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x ∈ Clsd ⁡ S
85 16 13 39 81 84 connclo ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x = ⋃ S
86 23 85 eleqtrrd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x
87 opeq2 ⊢ a = 2 nd ⁡ w → 1 st ⁡ w a = 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ w
88 87 eleq1d ⊢ a = 2 nd ⁡ w → 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x ↔ 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ x
89 88 elrab ⊢ 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x ↔ 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ ⋃ S ∧ 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ x
90 89 simprbi ⊢ 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ a ∈ ⋃ S | 1 st ⁡ w a ∈ x → 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ x
91 86 90 syl ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → 1 st ⁡ w 2 nd ⁡ w ∈ x
92 21 91 eqeltrd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x ∧ w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → w ∈ x
93 92 expr ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x → w ∈ ⋃ R × t S → w ∈ x
94 93 ssrdv ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x → ⋃ R × t S ⊆ x
95 9 94 eqssd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ∧ z ∈ x → x = ⋃ R × t S
96 95 ex ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → z ∈ x → x = ⋃ R × t S
97 96 exlimdv ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → ∃ z z ∈ x → x = ⋃ R × t S
98 5 97 biimtrid ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → ¬ x = ∅ → x = ⋃ R × t S
99 98 orrd ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn ∧ x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → x = ∅ ∨ x = ⋃ R × t S
100 99 ex ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn → x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → x = ∅ ∨ x = ⋃ R × t S
101 vex ⊢ x ∈ V
102 101 elpr ⊢ x ∈ ∅ ⋃ R × t S ↔ x = ∅ ∨ x = ⋃ R × t S
103 100 102 imbitrrdi ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn → x ∈ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S → x ∈ ∅ ⋃ R × t S
104 103 ssrdv ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn → R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ⊆ ∅ ⋃ R × t S
105 eqid ⊢ ⋃ R × t S = ⋃ R × t S
106 105 isconn2 ⊢ R × t S ∈ Conn ↔ R × t S ∈ Top ∧ R × t S ∩ Clsd ⁡ R × t S ⊆ ∅ ⋃ R × t S
107 4 104 106 sylanbrc ⊢ R ∈ Conn ∧ S ∈ Conn → R × t S ∈ Conn