Metamath Proof Explorer
		
		
		
		Description:  Value of a nonzero complex number raised to an integer power minus
         one.  (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 28-May-2016)
		
			
				
					|  |  | Ref | Expression | 
					
						|  | Hypotheses | expcld.1 |  | 
					
						|  |  | sqrecd.1 |  | 
					
						|  |  | expclzd.3 |  | 
				
					|  | Assertion | expm1d |  | 
			
		
		
			
				Proof
				
					
						| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression | 
						
							| 1 |  | expcld.1 |  | 
						
							| 2 |  | sqrecd.1 |  | 
						
							| 3 |  | expclzd.3 |  | 
						
							| 4 |  | expm1 |  | 
						
							| 5 | 1 2 3 4 | syl3anc |  |