Metamath Proof Explorer


Theorem eff2

Description: The exponential function maps the complex numbers to the nonzero complex numbers. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 16-Apr-2008)

Ref Expression
Assertion eff2 ⊢ exp : ℂ ⟶ ℂ ∖ 0

Proof

Step Hyp Ref Expression
1 eff ⊢ exp : ℂ ⟶ ℂ
2 ffn ⊢ exp : ℂ ⟶ ℂ → exp Fn ℂ
3 1 2 ax-mp ⊢ exp Fn ℂ
4 efcl ⊢ x ∈ ℂ → e x ∈ ℂ
5 efne0 ⊢ x ∈ ℂ → e x ≠ 0
6 eldifsn ⊢ e x ∈ ℂ ∖ 0 ↔ e x ∈ ℂ ∧ e x ≠ 0
7 4 5 6 sylanbrc ⊢ x ∈ ℂ → e x ∈ ℂ ∖ 0
8 7 rgen ⊢ ∀ x ∈ ℂ e x ∈ ℂ ∖ 0
9 ffnfv ⊢ exp : ℂ ⟶ ℂ ∖ 0 ↔ exp Fn ℂ ∧ ∀ x ∈ ℂ e x ∈ ℂ ∖ 0
10 3 8 9 mpbir2an ⊢ exp : ℂ ⟶ ℂ ∖ 0