Metamath Proof Explorer


Theorem efper

Description: The exponential function is periodic. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Apr-2008) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2014)

Ref Expression
Assertion efper ⊢ A ∈ ℂ ∧ K ∈ ℤ → e A + i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K = e A

Proof

Step Hyp Ref Expression
1 ax-icn ⊢ i ∈ ℂ
2 2cn ⊢ 2 ∈ ℂ
3 picn ⊢ π ∈ ℂ
4 2 3 mulcli ⊢ 2 ⁢ π ∈ ℂ
5 1 4 mulcli ⊢ i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ∈ ℂ
6 zcn ⊢ K ∈ ℤ → K ∈ ℂ
7 mulcl ⊢ i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ∈ ℂ ∧ K ∈ ℂ → i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K ∈ ℂ
8 5 6 7 sylancr ⊢ K ∈ ℤ → i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K ∈ ℂ
9 efadd ⊢ A ∈ ℂ ∧ i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K ∈ ℂ → e A + i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K = e A ⁢ e i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K
10 8 9 sylan2 ⊢ A ∈ ℂ ∧ K ∈ ℤ → e A + i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K = e A ⁢ e i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K
11 ef2kpi ⊢ K ∈ ℤ → e i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K = 1
12 11 oveq2d ⊢ K ∈ ℤ → e A ⁢ e i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K = e A ⋅ 1
13 efcl ⊢ A ∈ ℂ → e A ∈ ℂ
14 13 mulridd ⊢ A ∈ ℂ → e A ⋅ 1 = e A
15 12 14 sylan9eqr ⊢ A ∈ ℂ ∧ K ∈ ℤ → e A ⁢ e i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K = e A
16 10 15 eqtrd ⊢ A ∈ ℂ ∧ K ∈ ℤ → e A + i ⁢ 2 ⁢ π ⁢ K = e A