Description: The exponential function is periodic. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 21-Apr-2008) (Proof shortened by Mario Carneiro, 10-May-2014)
Ref | Expression | ||
---|---|---|---|
Assertion | efper | |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ax-icn | |
|
2 | 2cn | |
|
3 | picn | |
|
4 | 2 3 | mulcli | |
5 | 1 4 | mulcli | |
6 | zcn | |
|
7 | mulcl | |
|
8 | 5 6 7 | sylancr | |
9 | efadd | |
|
10 | 8 9 | sylan2 | |
11 | ef2kpi | |
|
12 | 11 | oveq2d | |
13 | efcl | |
|
14 | 13 | mulridd | |
15 | 12 14 | sylan9eqr | |
16 | 10 15 | eqtrd | |