Metamath Proof Explorer


Table of Contents - 10.2.10.1. Definition and basic properties

According to Wikipedia ("Symmetric group", 09-Mar-2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/symmetric_group) "In abstract algebra, the symmetric group defined over any set is the group whose elements are all the bijections from the set to itself, and whose group operation is the composition of functions." and according to Encyclopedia of Mathematics ("Symmetric group", 09-Mar-2019, https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php/Symmetric_group) "The group of all permutations (self-bijections) of a set with the operation of composition (see Permutation group).". In [Rotman] p. 27 "If X is a nonempty set, a permutation of X is a function a : X -> X that is a one-to-one correspondence." and "If X is a nonempty set, the symmetric group on X, denoted S<sub>X</sub>, is the group whose elements are the permutations of X and whose binary operation is composition of functions.". Therefore, we define the <b>symmetric group</b> on a set as the set of one-to-one onto functions from to itself under function composition, see df-symg. However, the set is allowed to be empty, see symgbas0. <i>Hint: The symmetric groups should not be confused with "symmetry groups" which is a different topic in group theory.</i> <br><br> In this context, the one-to-one onto functions are called <b>permutations</b> for short. Since the base set of symmetric groups on a set is the set of all permutations of (see symgbas), we can formally say expressing " is a permutation of " if we are not interested in the group (or topology) structure. <br><br> In general, a <b>permutation group</b> "... is a group G whose elements are permutations of a given set M and whose group operation is the composition of permutations in G (which are thought of as bijective functions from the set M to itself)." (see Wikipedia "Permutation group", 17-Mar-2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_group). This means that a symmetric group is a permutation group, and each permutation group is a subgroup of a symmetric group (see pgrpsubgsymgbi and pgrpsubgsymg). For example, the structure with the singleton containing only the identity function restricted to a set as base set and the function composition as group operation is a permutation group (group consisting of permutations), see idrespermg, which is a (proper) subgroup of a symmetric group, see idressubgsymg. <br><br> As in [Rotman] p. 28 "Let and ; we say <b>fixes</b> if ; otherwise <b>moves</b> .". The theorems starting with symgfix2 are about fixed/moved elements.

  1. csymg
  2. df-symg
  3. symgval
  4. symgbas
  5. elsymgbas2
  6. elsymgbas
  7. symgbasf1o
  8. symgbasf
  9. symgbasmap
  10. symghash
  11. symgbasfi
  12. symgfv
  13. symgfvne
  14. symgressbas
  15. symgplusg
  16. symgov
  17. symgcl
  18. idresperm
  19. symgmov1
  20. symgmov2
  21. symgbas0
  22. symg1hash
  23. symg1bas
  24. symg2hash
  25. symg2bas
  26. 0symgefmndeq
  27. snsymgefmndeq
  28. symgpssefmnd
  29. symgvalstruct
  30. symgsubmefmnd
  31. symgtset
  32. symggrp
  33. symgid
  34. symginv
  35. symgsubmefmndALT
  36. galactghm
  37. lactghmga
  38. symgtopn
  39. symgga
  40. pgrpsubgsymgbi
  41. pgrpsubgsymg
  42. idressubgsymg
  43. idrespermg